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Diseases & Conditions > Macular Hole
A macular hole is a condition in which a retinal hole develops in the portion of the retina that is responsible for central vision, called the macula. As a person ages, the gel-like fluid that fills the eye, called the vitreous, begins to shrink and pull away from the retina. When this happens on the retina tugging may occur, called traction, which then forms a thin layer of scar tissue on the macula. This scar tissue can cause a tear in the macula. This condition is known as a macular hole.
 Normal Eye
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Macular Hole - Stage 1
Macular holes are more common in women, most commonly later in life. Symptoms of a macular hole include a sudden loss or decrease in central vision and distorted vision. However, there may be no visual symptoms associated with this condition in some cases.
Macular Hole - Early
Macular Hole -Later
Treatment options vary according to the severity of the macular hole and the amount of vision affected by the condition. When indicated, vitrectomy surgery may be scheduled to relieve the traction and seal the hole. This is done by removing the vitreous from the eye and filling the eye with a clear fluid which is gradually replaced by the body's own fluid. Additionally, a gas bubble or silicone oil may be place inside the eye to help seal the hole and act as a tamponade and secure the retina for two weeks. If a gas bubble is used, the patient must remain in a face down position until the body absorbs the bubble. This position is usually helpful for the success of the surgery and for restoring as much vision as possible following surgery.
Macular Hole - Stage 4
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